A historical study of clinical, media, administrative, and community vocabularies for transgender and gender-diverse lives in mainland China, using a vocabulary-stratigraphy model to explain how terms such as yixingzheng, bianxing ren, gender reassignment, transgender, and kuar coexist across institutions.

A research encyclopedia entry traces how Japanese 男の娘 (otokonoko) moved through publishing, cosplay, physical venues, creator self-description, and platform tags from a media-character category into several forms of real-person labeling.